Hamlet Revenge Essays (833 words) - Characters In Hamlet, Fiction

Hamlet Revenge Annonymous In the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare Two of the character's fathers are brutishly murdered. The first murdered character is King Hamlet who is supposed to be revenge by his son prince Hamlet. The second murder is Polonius who is supposed to be revenged by his son Laertes. Both Prince Hamlet and Laertes go to seek revenge for the death of fathers, however they will each use different methods to accomplish their deeds. Prince Hamlet has a meeting with the dead ghost of his father King Hamlet. King Hamlet's ghost reveals to his son, his murder by his brother Claudius. Hamlet is informed by his father that he needs to be avenged by the death of his brother Claudius. By this time Claudius has already ascended the throne, and married Hamlet's mother Queen Gertrude. Hamlet decides to take a passive approach to avenge his father. Hamlet first decides to act abnormal which does not accomplish much besides warning his uncle that he might know he killed his father. Later in the play a troop of actors come to act out a play, and Hamlet has them reenact the murder of is father in front of his uncle Claudius. The actors murder scene also make Hamlet question himself about the fact that he has done nothing yet to avenge his father. Hamlet says But am I Pigeon-livered and lack gall / To make oppression bitter, or ere this / I should ha' fatted all the region kites / With this slave's offal. Bloody, bawdy villain! ( Act II scene 2 page 84 line 577- 580 ). During the play Hamlet watches is uncle Claudius to see his reaction when the actors perform the murder scene. Hamlet plan works his uncle throws a fit and runs out the room, where Hamlet goes after him. When Hamlet catches up to his uncle his uncle is kneeling down praying, and Hamlet pulls out his sword and gets ready to kill him. But all the sudden Hamlet changes his mind because if he kills his uncle while he's praying he will go to heaven, and Hamlet wants him to go to hell. So hamlet postpones the execution of his uncle. The next confrontation does not happen till the end of the book when Hamlet escapes from his uncle's ill murder attempt on his life. Hamlet later sword fences with Laertes. All the sudden Hamlet's mother Queen Gertrude drinks a poison glass intended for Hamlet. When Hamlet is not looking Laertes stabs him with a poison sword then Hamlet takes hold of the poisoned sword, and stabs Laertes with it. As this happens Queen Gertrude dies from the poison drink. As Laertes lays down dying he reveals to Hamlet that his uncle King Claudius was behind it all, the poisoned sword and drink that has just killed his mother. Hamlet then in a fit of rage runs his uncle through with the poison sword. Hamlet has now finally revenged his father through much time then after his task is completed he finally collapses from the poison on the sword. Polonius is murdered by Hamlet when Polonius his discovered listening to Hamlet, and his mother's Queen Gertrude conversation . Hamlet unknowing of who the person behind the tapestry is, kills Polonius from where he was spying. When news of his fathers death reaches Polonius's son Laertes, he comes back with an entourage to seek revenge for his fathers death. In this conversation Laertes believes Hamlets uncle King Claudius is responsible for his fathers death. How came he dead? I'll not be juggled with. / To hell, allegiance! Vows, to the blackest devil! / Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit! / I dare damnation. To this point I stand, / That both the worlds I give to negligence, / Let come what comes, only I'll be revenged / Most thoroughly for my father. ( Act IV scene 5 page 134 line 133-139 ) Laertes takes a more aggressive stand point than Hamlet Laertes is ready to kill the king right away thinking that he murdered his father. But king Claudius tells Laertes that Hamlet is the one who killed his father. King Claudius also finds out that Hamlet has escape the trap that he setup to get him murdered. So King Claudius sets up another plan with Laertes. This plan calls for Hamlet and Laertes to have a mock sword fight, but Laertes will be using a real poisoned sword. Laertes agrees with this, ready to claim Hamlets life for his father's vile murder. When the sword

Employee Relation Essays

Employee Relation Essays Employee Relation Essay Employee Relation Essay Table of Contents Q. l) Use your understanding of employee relations to answer the following questions: (i) Critically examine the factors at play which determine the pay and conditions of London underground train drivers Top company executives Investment Bankers Introduction London tube drivers to strike on Boxing strike cause festive chaos(metro. co. uk) are Just few of the headlines that have spread over leading newspapers in the I-JK. Since the late 2008, when recession took over the I-JK economy, the people have been dealing with various adversities which have made life very difficult for workers working in various sectors. In a world where the national average wage in the I-JK is around 26,000 pounds, London tube drivers have agreed a 10,000 pounds increase in their salary which takes their overall pay scale to a whopping 52,300 a year from an already mountable sum of 314th of the UK population is envious with the fact that investment bankers get paid large sums of money in bonuses and other incentives. Barclays paid around 265,000 pounds bonuses which is astronomical amounts of remuneration compared to rest of the UK population. Then theres top executive on the other hand who claim their position is a very ritical one as theyre involved in significant decisions regarding the economy, have two factors such as pay and behavior should be controlled to establish a successful economic structure. Unitarist, Pluralist and Conflict Perspectives Organizational behavior can be assessed through various perspectives. Firstly, having to build cohesive unit with group members and maintaining a harmonious relationship within peers. Managers have the power and authority to control the activities and to foresee that all employees work towards the same goal for the organization (cipd. co. uk,n. d). In terms of tube drivers; they feel their pay rise is justified and all of the workers push towards achieving their goals. This explains the unitary approach shown by the London underground drivers concerning the pay increment. Pluralist approach looks to end the political warfare and management ownership. Ed rose,2008 p27-29). Freedom to express and establish their own values and norms, pluralist perspective believes in power in the society and allocating responsibility. This approach exists in our modern day society that helps us understand employee relation. Conflicting views believes in change in he social aspects through conflicts. For things to change, conflict is necessary to take things ahead. Class conflict is created through the inequality of economics sovereignty within the society. (P Lewis,M Sanders,A Thornhill,2003; pl 7-21). Dunlops Model of Industrial Relations Jim Dunlop in the year 1950 established three agents or actors which are located within an environment confined by various aspects such as technology, product markets, labor and distribution of power. this aspect have an effect on individual and the work surroundings (industrialrelations. naubribub. com, n. d). The guidelines and process is important in understanding the normality of the economy and to analyze the pay determination. There are various markets that operate in those sectors. Hence, it is also significant to understand the mechanism. An ideology is created through industrial relations. It also shares body of beliefs and ideas concerning the roles of the actors and the interrelation which helps bind the system together. Jim Dunlop argued that, the establishment of procedure and rules is the center of attention of an industrial relation system, the establishment and administration of hese rules is the major concern or output of the industrial relations subsystem of industrial society (Barbash, J, Barbash, K, 1989; pl 57) Train drivers are backed by very strong and efficient trade unions. They are responsible in helping them raise their wages. Tube drivers salaries are very high. If we assume to have tube driver wage is in an equilibrium stage, then in relation to the supply the demand for drivers should be high. But the fact is those drivers are not dictated by force but are relatively based on administrative decisions. CEOs have a very big task of running an organization. They have to make key decisions which equire many attributes and certain qualities. Because of the experience they possess and qualification they hold, there is a restriction as to the supply of CEOs in numbers. Hence, their salary increases. Gospel and 5) describes collective bargaining a process by which trade unions and similar association representing group of employees negotiate with employers or their representation with object of reaching collective agreements (M Leat, p:38). As far as individual bargaining is concerned, there are certain needs or demands that need to be well as politically strategic process. Trade unions use three factors to achieve their eeds and want to improve and better the working sector. The three factors are as followed; Collective bargaining Legal enactment Mutual insurance Mutual insurance helps workers that are out of work by providing them with funds. They also help in providing travel allowances. Legal enactment is also known as statutory regulations. Through legal enactment, rules regarding the employment can be made. Collective bargaining is more concerned with securing a good grounding in terms of employment through the combination of various employees. Trade unions are perfect example as they use their collective force to gain a better ground on hings. In order to create a working relationship, responsibilities and services must be agreed which is referred to as conjunctive bargaining. Productive agreement is basic requirements for unions and companies to go into in order to maintain a stable working relationship and to avoid any difficulties that may arise in the future. Conjunctive bargaining provides both parties with the minimum terms of agreement to resolve their conflicting interest (Ed Rose,p:281). Conjunctive, which is formed of co and Joint in context to bargaining relation, says that both parties should be on the same page and support each other. According to Chamberlin and Kuhn, there are certain dangers possessed by this method. For managers, the role or function to manage disappears. Hence, for trade union, managers presence is irrelevant. There is a sense of Job security among employees. (Ed Rose,p:282) Integrative bargaining attempts to seek mutual understanding by bringing together various parties with similar interest. This generally results in a win-win scenario. Integrative bargaining can bring management and union together through which significant progress can be made. Agreement leads to cost efficient production which increases productivity. This results in wages being increased because of the rise in profits. On the other hand, CEOs and investment bankers implement an I-win you- lose policy and try to seek an advantage over others. Bargaining power is the driving force which includes threats, bluffs and counters tactics that consequently determines outcomes. Q. 2) To what extent may large differences in pay within an organisation impact upon employee morale and employee relations? If so what can be done to address the issue? Illustrate your answer with examples. Employee morale and employee relation are two key terms that needs to be understood to determine the differences n pay in organization. Employee relation is defined as the relations that exists and are shared between the employees in a work environment or any organization. According to Gospel and Employee relation is a social, economic and political affiliation through which mental and manual labor are bartered for dependent on employee morale. It is the heart beat of any company. The relationship between employers and employees is very much dependant on employee morale. Efficiency in work can be achieved if the ambience is made better and happier. Overall employee morale means satisfactions in work among employees. In recent times, CEOs pay has had a drastic increase compared to normal average employees. The amount accounted to 27 per cent rise in relation to 2 per cent gained by the workers (bureau of labor statistics, n. d). During tough economic times, the answer to the question about such large pay packages is very hard to understand. According to Micheal Faulkender from the University of Maryland, the one reason could be the huge amount of compensation packages the CEOs get. These CEOs dont deserve the amount that theyre getting and all pay condition should be based on merit (pbs. org,2012). HP paid 10 million dollars to hire its chief executive but only after 11 months was forced to pay 23 million dollars as packages and severance. Until and unless the government starts acting and come up with strict regulation, large companies will be entitled to pay the big CEOs large sums of money and very less to the average workers. They should be paid on performance not on the basis of largeness of firms. 40 per cent of the pay is accounted by the firm size whereas Just 5 per cent is based on performance ( Tosi H, Katz and Gomez- MeiJal, Werner S,2000; p 301-339). There exists discrimination towards the people working in ordinary osition. Evidence has shown that the highest paid CEOs are not top performers. Therefore, the criteria on which they get paid have never been based on pay and performance (Nystrom P, Soofl E and Yasai-Ardekani M,2010; 13(4): 782-805) Dual Labour Markets These market are divided into two groups. irst one being the primary labour market is exemplified by Job security, benefits, huge incomes and very good chance of moving upwards. this can be further categorized into two groups. Workers that advance in their work position due to years of service which are know as primary workers or long term workers. hen there are blue collar workers that are in skilled labour which are referred to as low er primary workers. Secondary Labour markets refers to workers that have little Job security and very low income. ( Beer, P. D. , Schils, T. 009;p81-84) Senior management has a huge hand in deciding the pay for top executives which has a strong influence regarding differences in pay. To stop creating social tension and causing massive havoc, large firm should cut out on paying huge amounts of money for nonperforming executives instead focus on the employees who are on a bottom level compared to them and who work extremely ard for their salary. One party that can play a defining role are the shareholders, they can exercise control over pay conflict and manage the human resource much more efficiently. If not acted upon, this might lead to various problems such as employee absentees, lack of motivation etc. there are various ways through which workers willingness to work and maintain a consistent level desire can be maintained. One is by setting up a employee engagement plans. Individuals can shine in their desired field by practicing equity theory which can help bring organization and management together. Global financial civil war might embark in he future creating financial meltdown. Hence, this financial situation or disparity to protect the core values of the company. Balance of brain brings balance of power. Like the battles for natural resources existed within, theres a more strategic battles that has been supplemented by the ones with talent (economist. com, 2006). The obsession about global talent lies with literally every companies these days from hotel chains to credit card companies. It is no longer confined to companies such as general electric or Goldman Sachs. References Rose, E. (2008) Employment Relations. 3rd ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, p. 7-29 Rose, E. (2008) Employment Relations. 3rd ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, p. 81-282 Lewis, P. , Thornhill, A. , Saunders, M. (2003). Employee relations: understanding the employment relationship. Harlow, England, Financial Times Prentice Hall, p. 17-21 Leat, M. (2001). Exploring employee relations. Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann, p. 358 Barbash, J. , Barbash, K. (1989). Theories and concepts in comparative industrial relations. Columbia, S. C. , University of South Carolina P ress, p. 1 57 Tosi H, Werner S, Katz and Gomez-Mejia L (2000). How Much Does Performance Matter? A Meta-Analysis of CEO Pay Studies Journal of Management 26(2): 301-339 The Economist (n. . ) The battle for brainpower. [online] Available at: economist. com/node/7961894 [Accessed: 29 Mar 2013]. Beer, P. D. , Schils, T. (2009). The labour market triangle: employment protection, unemployment compensation, and activation in Europe. Cheltenham, I-JK, Edward Elgar, p. 81-84 Newshour, P. (1996) In a Weak Economy, Why Is CEO Pay on the Rise? I PBS NewsHour I Oct. 4, 2011. [online] Available at: pbs. org/newshour/bb/ business/July-dec11/ceopay_10-04. html [Accessed: 31 Mar 2013]. Nystrom P, Soofl E and Yasai-Ardekani M (2010). Identifying and Analyzing Extremes: Illustrated by CEOs Pay and Performance, Organizational Research Methods, 13(4): 782-805 Industrialrelations. naukrihub. com (1950) Dunlops Model Dunlops Contribution to Industrial Relations. [online] Available at: http://industrialrelations. naukrihub. com/ dunlop-model. html [Accessed: 25 Mar 2013]. Sky News (2013) London Tube Drivers To Strike On Boxing Day. [online] Available at: http://news. sky. com/story/1026561/ london-tube-drivers-to-strike-on-boxing-day [Accessed: 26 Mar 2013]. Tahir, T. (2012) Tube and rail strikes set to cause festive travel misery. [online] Available at: http:// etro. o. uk/2012/12/17/tube-strike-london-underground-drivers-to-stage-walkouts- on-boxing-day-and-in-new-year-3319819/ [Accessed: 27 Mar 2013]. The Employee Relationship. (2013) Untitled. [online] Available at: cipd. co. uk/NR/ rdonlyres/E148D57B-4C8F-4108-B22E-75CE4C9D46C8/0/tssihrmchap11 . pdf [Accessed: 29 Mar 2013]. Thisislondon. co. uk (2011) E52,OOO a year pay deal for Tube drivers and theres no ban on strikes News Evening Standard. [online] Available at: http:// www. thisislondon. co. uk/news/52000-a-year-pay-deal-for-tube-drivers-and-theres-no- ban-on-strikes-6449485. html [Accessed: 26 Mar 2013].

Exporting by states in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Exporting by states in the United States - Essay Example A state of Ohio has a mandate to employ its citizen in the labor market. Export trade creates job opportunities, and that contributes positively to expansion in GDP of a state. An increase in a country’s GDP results in an increased per capita income hence a general improvement in the welfare of the citizens. Ohio would formulate favorable foreign policies to attract foreign currency. A country may export its products to those countries with competitive prices. The State of Ohio would focus on those states, which offer highest prices for same products. Commodities with relatively favorable returns in the local market need no export. Goods have different cost of production and attract different revenue, therefore if export trade is not profitable, it is null and void strategy for a firm. Some countries prohibit importation of certain commodities thus can only trade locally Sen, Sunanda. "International trade theory and policy: A review of the literature." Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, Working Paper No. 635. November 2010.

Dissertation, Title question - How do managers motivates employees Essay

Dissertation, Title question - How do managers motivates employees - Essay Example The final chapter will be a conclusion chapter which will provide an overview to the dissertation, limitations of the research and further recommendations for research. The aim of this study is to understand the various theories about managing people. The main method of research is a secondary research that will include the various theories developed by scholars over the years. Since the main aim of this dissertation is to understand the various management principles and aspects of managing employees within an organisation, different theories relating to employee motivation as well will be discussed. Human resource is a very essential part of any company and the people within the company play a very important role. Thus understanding how to manage people and the basics of understanding the needs of people at work will help create better and more successful managers. This is worth the study as it allows a clear picture of the various theories and allows a comparison to be made to understand the various aspects of management. Also it does allow making a mix and match to be able to get the best results from all the theories. This study will allow understanding the various theories and using all the positives from each of the theories and leaving out the negative aspects of all the theories. The study is completely based on secondary research and will be done using only the data that is already available. The research is done using the various theories that have already been developed. The analysis of the research is provided in the research analysis chapter. Finally, the conclusions part of the dissertation summarizes the results of the research and also suggests recommendations for further research. This chapter deals with the various literatures that have been developed over the past years. The next section deals with the background, which includes the metaphors of Morgan, for the different ways of looking

Art as a social commentary in Salgagos The Salt of the Earth Essay

Art as a social commentary in Salgagos The Salt of the Earth - Essay Example On these pictures, we could clearly see the suffering of the people in poor places. On the other hand, It touches our mind that the artist had shown well in the picture. On the other hand, these pictures let us think about the darkest parts of the world which we never suffer. The artist took many risks to report the truth in the world. All of his pictures are showing the emotion from different kinds of people in Brazil. According to the quote in why art, â€Å"Good art is a trying of vision, in the way a saw is tried in the saw shop, to cut more cleanly†. It is easy to see that good art are based on a true event that what you see and feel in your life. What could be improved and change your life attitude is a good art’s purport. From Salgado's arts, we could feel a real world that these exactly touch our heart. He had traveled to many different countries and took photographs of what he saw. His pictures are showing a real world of the darkest part which we may have never experienced before. The man in his pictures had the most genuine impression and action. A good art is going to tell people to deepen their thinking. Also, the many pictures that Salgago took in Africa showed a different and beautiful world to people. The people of the original environment and people showed a quiet and ordinary life. On the contrary, some pictures from Salgago explained a sad world. The poor people wer e suffering from the disaster. So, a good art is telling a story and let people think about the life of its subject.

Organization An Important Management Decision

Organization An Important Management Decision According to question 1, it required to give the reasons of selecting computer hardware and software for the organization an important management decision. It also required to state out the management, organization, and technology issues that should be considered when selecting computer hardware. A computer is a programmable machine that accepts input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format. A computer is made up of combination of two components, which is hardware and software. Both components are important and have its own functions and meaningful usages. The simplest definition of hardware is the thing which we can touch and software is the thing which we cannot touch but only feel. Computer hardware is the physical the mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical components making up a computer system. Examples computer hardware are Central Processing Unit (CPU), Random Access Memory (RAM), hard disks, CD-ROM Compact Disk Read-Only Memory), keyboards, mice, printers, modem, router, and etc. Computer software is the detailed instructions that control the operation of a computer system. Computer software is divided into two major types of software, which is system software and application software. System software is a set of generalized programs that manage the computers resources, such as CPU, communication links, and peripheral devices. Examples of system software are Microsoft Windows, Mac OSX, Linux, BIOS software, Device Diver Software, and etc. Application software describes the programs that are written for or by users to apply the computer to a specific task. Examples of application software are, Microsoft Word, Mozilla Firefox, E-mail software, groupware, and etc. C:UsersSunny Chen-MunDesktopFigureFigure 1.jpg Figure 1: Computer hardware (Examples only) C:UsersSunny Chen-MunDesktopFigureFigure 2.jpg Figure 2: Computer software (Examples only) Answer (Question 1) Nowadays, most of the greatest organizations are using the computer technology and had implemented their own IT (Information Technology) department(s). They cannot neglect the powerful and productive of its IT department(s) which brings their business towards success. Examples of organizations are Apple Inc., FedEx, Wal-Mart, McDonalds, and etc. Hence, IT is now critical to an organizations success, so it is important that an organization should uses the computer technology in its daily business routine and the computer hardware and software meets the needs of the organization. The managers and/or IT employees must have the understanding of the role of computer hardware and software in the decisions that promote organizational performance and productivity. The computer components, either hardware devices or software, are now updating and improving its technology frequently and speedy, and hence affected its price are rising. The computer hardware and software costs a lot of money in an organization. Therefore, it is very important that the IT department of an organization should choose and buy the most appropriate and cost-effective computer hardware and software. While selecting the most appropriate and cost-effective computer hardware and software, it also needs to be sufficiently powerful to meet the demands of the current users and future unpredictable increasing of users demand. Therefore, expandability and scalability of the computer hardware and software needs to be carefully planned and considered. Selection and use of computer hardware and software technology can have a deep impact on business performance. Computer hardware and software represent important organizational assets that must be managed appropriately. The most important issues in managing computer hardware and software technology assets are understanding the new technology requirements for electronic commerce and digital firm, determining the total cost of technology assets, and determining whether to own and maintain technology assets or use external technology service providers for an organization. Managers and IT specialists need to pay attention to the computer hardware capacity planning and scalability. Capacity planning is the process of predicting when a computer hardware system becomes saturated. Capacity planning ensures that the organization has enough computing power for its current and future needs. Business managers need to determine acceptable levels of computer response time and availability for the organizations mission-critical systems to maintain the level of business performance they expect. New applications, mergers and acquisitions, and changes in business volume all impact computer workload and must be considered when planning hardware capacity. Scalability refers the ability of a computer, product, or system to expand to serve a large number of users without breaking down. Organizations must make sure they have sufficient computer processing, storage, and network resources to handle their business databases and to make it available online constantly. Hence, not affect their daily business routine or the availability for users demand. The purchase and maintenance of computer hardware and software is but one of a series of cost components that managers must consider when selecting and managing computer hardware and software technology assets. The total cost of ownership (TCO) model can be used to analyze these direct and indirect costs to help organizations determine the actual cost of specific technology implementations. TCO designates the total cost of owning technology resources, including initial purchase costs, the cost of hardware and software upgrades, maintenance, technical support, and training. It is possible to reduce some of these administration costs through better management. Organizations can reduce their TCO through greater centralization and standardization of their computer hardware and software resources. They also can reduce the size of the information systems staff required to support their infrastructure if the organization minimized the number of different computer models and pieces of softwa re that employees are allowed to use. When TCO can be reduced, computers might run up to several times worth the original purchase price of the equipment. Another important management decision when selecting computer hardware and software was to determine whether to own and maintain technology assets or use external technology service providers for an organization. Nowadays, many organizations are obtaining their computer hardware and software technology from external service vendors. That is because it significantly cheaper and can saved lots of costs in maintaining and administrating. One of the popular external service vendor is online Storage Service Provider (SSP) is a third-party provider that rents out storage space to subscribers over the Web, allowing customers to store and access their data without having to purchase and maintain their own storage technology. Application service provider (ASP) is a company providing software that can be rented by other companies over the Web or a private network. ASP not just helps an organization to save cost of software purchases and updates, there may be benefits allows the organization to focus on core business issues instead of technology challenges. Utility computing model of computing in which organizations pay only for the IT resources they actually use during a specified time period. It also on-demand computing or usage-based pricing. Again, utility computing model helps to save cost of computer hardware and software of an organization. Moreover, when selecting computer hardware, it is very important that an organization should consider management, organization, and technology issues. In management issues, selecting computer hardware technology for the organization is a key business decision and it should not be left to technical specialists alone. General Managers should understand the capabilities of various computer processing, input, and storage, options, as well as price versus performance relationships. They should be involved in hardware-capacity planning technology asset management, decisions to distribute computing, downsize, or use network computers. In organization issues, computer hardware technology can either enhance or impede organizational performance. Computer hardware selection should consider how well the technology meshes with the organization`s culture and structure as well as its information processing requirements. In technology issues, IT today is not limited to computers but must be viewed as an array of digital devices networked together. Organizations have many computer processing options to choose from, including mainframes, workstations, PCs, and network computers, and many different ways of configuring hardware components to create systems. Conclusion (Question 1) In conclusion, selecting computer hardware and software for the organization an important management decision to improve business performance and productivity, while reduces the wasting cost for unnecessary aspects. Several reasons are new computer components costs lots of money, IT is now critical to an organizations success, so the computer components must meets the needs of the organization, and the computer components needs to be sufficiently powerful to meet the future increasing of users demand. When selecting computer hardware and software, the managers and IT specialists of an organization need to understand the new technology requirements for electronic commerce and digital firm, to determine the total cost of technology assets, and to determine whether to own and maintain technology assets or use external technology service providers for an organization. In addition, good decisions for selecting computer hardware and software make a business grow. Bad ones will burns organizations business money and investors money. When these money is gone, the business will fail. Question 2 If you were a manager in a company that operates in many countries, what criteria would you use to determine whether a new system should be developed as a global application or local application? Why? Introduction (Question 2) According to question 2, it required to state out and explains the reasons of the criteria that use to determine whether a new system should be developed as a global application or local application, if I am a manager in a company that operates in many countries. A global application is a computer system that able to operate across national boundaries, political, global knowledge base, world cultures, law and legal systems, religions, global environmental, social expectations, languages and etc. While a local application is opposite of global application, it concentrates and operates locally or within a company only. Assume that I am a manager of The Coca-Cola Company which operates in many countries, I would suggest for the new system should be developed as a global application. C:UsersSunny Chen-MunDesktopFigureFigure 3.jpg Figure 3: Coca-Colas logo C:UsersSunny Chen-MunDesktopFigureFigure 4.jpg Figure 4: Products by The Coca-Cola Company Answer (Question 2) Nowadays, many localized companies will be replaced by fast-moving networked corporations that transcend national boundaries. The value of imports and exports from all nations companies has risen to about several trillion dollars annually. Therefore, the production of The Cola-Cola Company should be also parceled out to a number of different countries. The globe application would help the company in manufacturing, production, and operations management. It also enables to implement standard supply chain management software or enterprise software to coordinate global manufacturing processes and supply chains. The major criteria that the new system should be developed in globe application are the growth of cheap international communication and transportation has created a world culture with stable expectations or norms, and political stability and a growing global knowledge base that is widely shared contribute also to the world culture. These criteria create the condition for global market, global production, coordination, distribution, and global economies of scale. A business driver is a force in the environment to which businesses must respond and that influences the direction of the business. The global business drivers can be divided into two groups, which are general cultural factors and specific business factors. Easily recognized general cultural factors have driven internationalization since World War II. Information, communication, and transportation technologies have created a global village in which communication (through telephone, television, radio, or computer network) around the globe is no more difficult and not much more expensive than communication down the block. The cost of moving goods and services to and from geographically dispersed locations has fallen dramatically. The development of global communications has created a global village in a second sense: A global culture created by television, the Internet, and other globally shared media such as movies now permits different cultures and peoples to develop common expectations about right and wrong, desirable and undesirable, heroic and cowardly. The collapse of the Eastern bloc has speeded the growth of a world culture enormously, increased support for capitalism and business, and reduced the level of cultural conflict considerably. Another criterion what should be considered is the growth of a global knowledge base. Nowadays, Latin America, China, India, Southern Asia, and Eastern Europe have developed powerful educational, industrial, and scientific centers, resulting in a much more democratically and widely distributed knowledge base. Hence, more and more citizen has the knowledge of using computer technology and networking, better languages understanding, and more. This will enhance the meets of suitable quality of labor force, which can fit in the companys computer system easily and quickly, and then improve the productive and employee performance. These general cultural factors leading toward internationalization result in specific business globalization criteria that affect most industries. The growth of powerful communications technologies and the emergence of world cultures create the condition for global markets. Global consumers interested in consuming similar products that are culturally approved. Therefore, products of The Coca-Cola Company would be fit into global markets easily. Global production and operations have emerged with precise online coordination between far-flung production facilities and central headquarters thousands of miles away. Managers or employees of the company do not need to travel a long distance for business coordination, meetings, and any management operations. By this way, it reduces the employees travels fees and save times. In addition, the transportation fees of global shipping companies are quite low compared to the recent years. This helps reduced the cost of exporting companys products to many far distance of countries. The new global markets and pressure toward global production and operation have leaded towards whole new capabilities for global coordination of all factors of production. Not only production but also accounting, marketing and sales, human resources, and systems development (all the major business functions) can be coordinated on a global scale. Global markets, production, and administration create the conditions for powerful, sustained global economies of scale. Production driven by worldwide global demand can be concentrated where it can best be accomplished, fixed resources can be allocated over larger production runs, and production runs in larger plants can be scheduled more efficiently and precisely estimated. Lower cost factors of production can be exploited wherever they emerge. The result is a powerful strategic advantage to organizations that can organize globally using global application. These general and specific business drivers have significantly improved world trade and commerce. Moreover, when determining the new system should be developed as a global application, it is very important that an organization should consider management, organization, and technology issues. Managers are responsible for devising an appropriate organizational and technological framework for international business. Choosing a global business strategy, identifying core business process, organizing the firm to conduct business on an international scale, and selecting international information system architecture are key management decision. In organization issues, culture, political, and language diversity magnifies differences in organizational culture and standard operating procedures when companies operate internationally. These differences create barriers to the development of global informational systems that transcend national boundaries. The main technology decision in building international system is finding a set of workable standard in hardware, software, and networking for the firms international information systems infrastructure and architecture. The Internet and intranets are increasingly used to provide global connectivity and serve as a foundation for global systems, but many companies still need proprietary system for certain functions, and , therefore, international standard. Conclusion (Question 2) In conclusion, the new system of The Coca-Cola Company would be the most appropriate developed as a global application. The criteria that should be considered were globalize the company would increase the profits, the growth of cheap international communication and transportation has created a world culture with stable expectations or norms, and political stability and a growing global knowledge base that is widely shared contribute also to the world culture. The global application also helps in online coordination, meetings, and any management operations, which reduces employees travels fees and save times. Overall, it improves the productivity and business performance of the company.

Irish Novels Essay -- Comparative Literature

."..for we have rights drawn from the soil and sky; the use, the pace, the patient years of labour, ... this is our country also, nowhere else; and we shall not be outcast on the world." John Hewitt, The Colony For many years the Big House in Ireland was very important. In an agrarian society, the estate system formed a backdrop for the economy and culture of the island. The Anglo-Irish Big House is a historical structure that has been employed for various purposes in the literature of a variety of Irish authors. The Big House as a symbol of wealth and social status in Ireland is associated pre-eminently with the Anglo-Irish. The Big Houses of Ireland are very important to gain any understanding of the political, economic and social developments in Ireland between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. Some historical as well as literary interpretations are very controversial - because of the controversial role of the Anglo-Irish community in Ireland. In real life an Anglo-Irish Big House was the home of and represented the wealth and power of the Anglo-Irish community and their supreme authority over the local community. Anglo-Irish "big house" dwellers were the personification of the ch asm between the native Catholic Irish people and their colonizers, the Protestant Englishmen. The "big house" novel is not purely Anglo-Irish concept. Ireland has a long history - Celtic and Gaelic tribes lived in the island already centuries before the English or other occupants came. The same happened in many places in the world - America, Canada, Africa and even in the Baltic States. Conquerors came, saw and took the land and power. Occupants seem to adopt a similiar pattern of behaviour everywhere. When they come, they ... ...th an Introduction by Kathryn J. Kilpatrick. New York: Penguin, 1993 Graham, Colin.,,History, Gender amd the Colonial Moment: Castle Rackrent," in Irish Studies Review (No. 14: 1996, spring) Johnston, Jennifer. How many Miles to Babylon? London: Penguin Books, 1988 Kiberd, Declan. Inventing Ireland: The Literature of the Modern Nation. London: Jonathan Cape Ltd., 1995 Mcmanus, Karen.,,Prodding Republicanism," in Fortnight (1995, April): 36-37. http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/lawless/edgeworth/edgeworth.htm http://www.local.ie/literature/ http://www.irishwriters-online.com Irish Novels Essay -- Comparative Literature ."..for we have rights drawn from the soil and sky; the use, the pace, the patient years of labour, ... this is our country also, nowhere else; and we shall not be outcast on the world." John Hewitt, The Colony For many years the Big House in Ireland was very important. In an agrarian society, the estate system formed a backdrop for the economy and culture of the island. The Anglo-Irish Big House is a historical structure that has been employed for various purposes in the literature of a variety of Irish authors. The Big House as a symbol of wealth and social status in Ireland is associated pre-eminently with the Anglo-Irish. The Big Houses of Ireland are very important to gain any understanding of the political, economic and social developments in Ireland between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. Some historical as well as literary interpretations are very controversial - because of the controversial role of the Anglo-Irish community in Ireland. In real life an Anglo-Irish Big House was the home of and represented the wealth and power of the Anglo-Irish community and their supreme authority over the local community. Anglo-Irish "big house" dwellers were the personification of the ch asm between the native Catholic Irish people and their colonizers, the Protestant Englishmen. The "big house" novel is not purely Anglo-Irish concept. Ireland has a long history - Celtic and Gaelic tribes lived in the island already centuries before the English or other occupants came. The same happened in many places in the world - America, Canada, Africa and even in the Baltic States. Conquerors came, saw and took the land and power. Occupants seem to adopt a similiar pattern of behaviour everywhere. When they come, they ... ...th an Introduction by Kathryn J. Kilpatrick. New York: Penguin, 1993 Graham, Colin.,,History, Gender amd the Colonial Moment: Castle Rackrent," in Irish Studies Review (No. 14: 1996, spring) Johnston, Jennifer. How many Miles to Babylon? London: Penguin Books, 1988 Kiberd, Declan. Inventing Ireland: The Literature of the Modern Nation. London: Jonathan Cape Ltd., 1995 Mcmanus, Karen.,,Prodding Republicanism," in Fortnight (1995, April): 36-37. http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/lawless/edgeworth/edgeworth.htm http://www.local.ie/literature/ http://www.irishwriters-online.com