Louis the Fourteenth and Western Civilization Essay

In today’s American society, the every day lives and routines of American citizens are impacted, affected, and ruled by the government. By studying the lives of people beginning in eighteenth century France, it is easy to see how the ruling government system impacts the everyday lives and routines of it‘s citizens. It is also easy to compare this society to the European civilization under the rule of Napoleon I, the American civilization under the rule of Woodrow Wilson, and Adolf Hitler. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the time period of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette is used today to represent the turmoil a country can experience with dire rule. In eighteenth century France, the subjects of the King and Queen were divided into†¦show more content†¦Most of them were educated individuals that compiled their wealth by trade and industry. â€Å"As the wealth and power had increased, they had sent their sons into posts of state administration, magistracy, the financial system, the high clergy, and the army† (Godechot 68). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;To be in the highest class, one had to be born into it. This four percent of the population was known as the Noble class. The class was broken into two estates: the first estate and the second estate. They were the hierarchy of the church and well respected church officials. The second estate made up the other three percent and included the Royal family and other wealthy families that had inherited most of their income (Lough 98-105). Although these were the richest people in the country, they were exempted from taxes and tariffs. Even more outlandish, even though these people represented only four percent of the population, they made up approximately sixty percent of the government. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the most important factors to consider during this time period is the reign of Louis XIV. His idea of the monarchy was one of the reasons why the French government had failed and created turmoil for the citizens of France. Louis XIV enjoyed the royal life very much and very fervently. He spent more of his reign enjoying himself and his life rather than ruling the country.Show MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of The Italian Renaissance1299 Words   |  6 Pagesin Italy, the Renaissance was an era that rediscovered the culture of ancient Greece and Rome in the fourteenth century and witnessed a continuation of the economic, political, and social trends. 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On the journey to his mothers house in Cleveland, Ohio, he recognized he was back in his native land when a white man in the trains diner car refused to eat at the same table with him, and a fountain clerk in St. Louis refused to serve him a soft drink. He dealt with these slights the way he would his entire life: He turned away quietly. But Langston decided that instead of running away from the color line and hating himself for being black, like his father had

Paper vs. the iPad free essay sample

An electronic device emerged to the students of the 21st century as a note-taking tool, but can this technology be better for the earth than the old fashion paper and pencil? Both utilize materials that negatively affect the earth. Manufacturing enormous amounts of paper demands for hundreds of trees to be cut down, and creating the iPad requires rare earth metals. Both products are handled for the same thing, but one of these items is better for the earth. When it comes down to taking notes, go for the iPad. As told by Brian Palmer in his article â€Å"Green Your Notes†, â€Å"The iPad releases .004 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalents into the atmosphere per hour. A single piece of recycled paper releases .017 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalents into the atmosphere.† When the user engages in taking notes with the iPad for four hours, it gives out less CO2 than a piece of eco-friendly paper. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper vs. the iPad or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A student who takes notes for four hours needs more than one sheet of paper. The iPad for this instance is declared the best choice because more notes can be taken. However, the iPad comprises a different impact on the world. The iPad requires rare earth metals. â€Å"These rare earth metals are found in environmentally and politically sensitive areas like the Congo,† stated Palmer. Mining these rare earth metals erodes the land and pollutes the lakes and rivers. Trees can be replaced; the lakes and rivers polluted by the chemicals during the mining craves an expensive cleaning process. These chemicals seep into the lakes and rivers, killing the wild life or severely damaging the area. The damage to areas around a mining site escalates and do not go away. The land cannot come back from the damage. In this case, recycled paper demonstrates a better outcome because it causes less damage to the surrounding environment. But the iPad saves on the emissions. As stated by Palmer, â€Å"The entire life of the iPad will account for 231 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalents when used extensively each day for three years. This is equivalent to the emissions given off by producing 7,700 pieces of virgin paper or 13,600 pieces of recycled paper.† It is unlikely that a student burns through that amount of paper in three years. Students possess new electronic devices like the iPad for different purposes. The iPad serves many uses: looking up a recipe, sending an application for a job, and skyping with friends. The user can get more out of an iPad than thousands of blank pieces of paper. Students need to make their iPads last. By making them last a couple or even a few more years, the amount of emissions will be less than buying notebooks. Both products have their downfalls. Paper destroys thousands of trees a year, and the iPad requires rare earth metals which cause the surrounding area damage. To save the environment from more damage, people need to use their resources to the fullest extent. iPads owners need to utilize this product as long as possible and those who do not have iPads should take advantage of all unused paper.

Labor Market in Corporations

Introduction and Executive Summary Labor market consists of four sections. This includes skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled and professional labor. This paper analyzes the labor market from the professional perspective. It narrows down to Management Consulting.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Labor Market in Corporations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper also looks at the applicability of views of Scholars in a Literature Review. Finally, I analyze the requirements for entry into this market and employment prospects in the medium-term and long-term. General and Specific Analysis Labor market is of a forum where people trade their skills and knowledge. This forum consists of those who want the skills and knowledge and those who wish to provide them. Demand and supply may not always be the same. Sometimes supply exceeds demand. Employers are the people who buy these skills or enter into this market to seek people with particular skills. The holders of the skills are employees. The labor market has four major sections. This includes the skilled labor, unskilled labor, professional labor and semi-skilled labor. In this paper, I will discuss Management Consulting. This falls under professional labor. In summary, the rest consist of a different set of skills. If I may use a typical organization that manufactures vehicles as an example, skilled labor includes the persons whose technical skills form the core business. They design the vehicles and look into the intricacies that follow. Semi-skilled labor includes the others who make the organization to flow smoothly. This includes secretaries and bookkeepers. Lastly, the unskilled labor includes messengers and gatekeepers among others. This last set does not require any skills to enable them complete assignments. In this paper, I will discuss Management Consulting. This falls in the category of professional labor. The people who offer this a re highly trained in their fields. They have in-depth knowledge acquired through experience and education. Their advice is paramount to the success of an organization.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They undertake highly specialized duties. A professional takes quite some time to acquire that expertise. Hence, growth in only one area seems logical. This category consists of doctors, consultants, health practitioners and lawyers. The former list is an example of a possible long list. Literature Review Different scholars present different but related views on this subject. In his article in Harvard Business Review, Kim Chan looks at fair Knowledge Management in a perceived unfair economy. He presents this idea by looking at a case study involving a woman and a police officer. Apparently, there is a big gap between integrity and the need to offer good services. Considering th is is a public figure and the women goes ahead to demand her rightful duties, it is clear to me that the context has completely changed. The economy both at the micro and macro levels present a different operating context as opposed to what was happening some time back. Does this mean that we use unfair means to justify our ends? In the above case, the writer brings about the perspective of bad labor use. He insinuates that big corporations use the exceedingly available labor in the world to oppress both the givers of labor and overcharge the recipients of the products at their advantage (Kim Chan 2003). Ballou and Heitger, also writing for the Harvard Business Review, look at a risky section of the labor market. This labor market consists of unskilled workers. This article is critical to my discussion as it points out the intricate nature of the labor market. With governments and rights organizations constantly pressuring business organizations to uphold human rights in hiring, the re is an immediate need to look for cheaper solutions. That is the reason some American companies shifted to China to tap into the lowly paid and highly available unskilled workforce. Additionally, China does not have strict labor laws as compared to USA. To me, this is a pointer of the things to come in future. A worker will have a clear backing from any quarter. On the other hand, organizations may have to rethink strategy.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Labor Market in Corporations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Professional workforce in different countries receives different remunerations. Studies show that even in the smallest regional area like a country, payment may vary a lot. As the geographical area increases, so does the discrepancy. For example, in south and East Africa, professionals receive very different payments. South Africa pays professional quite well followed by Kenya. In the remaining co untries, professional labor does not attract good remuneration. However, payments in western countries cannot compare with the African counterparts (Ballou and Heitger 2006). In another Article Michael Yaziji asks whether time to rethink capitalism has come. He looks at a situation where an investor would put up so much capital and offer employment in a firm. This capital is at risk of depletion if factors such as poor reception or mismanagement come into play. Hence, he has enough justification to pay workers poorly to compensate for the huge risk he takes. The article, further, puts this into a context sometime back and concludes that this is what happened. The laborers received poor pays and their working packages did not include permanency. The writer continues to asses this as regards the current set up. Tables have turned and employees form a core business outlook in any organization (Yaziji 2008). Skills, Knowledge and Aptitudes for Entry Professional labor requires expertise in the field of entry. Management Consultants must understand most of the organizational functions. For example, it is critical for a Management Consultant to understand personnel, core business strengths and weaknesses, an external environmental analysis and goals plus objectives formulation. He should also have an exceptional knowledge in risk assessment using various models and intuition. A Management Consultant should also have a visionary attitude (Schmidt 2000). It is paramount that the person has prior knowledge in management and an education in that field. This includes professional and academic fronts. This way he will understand different models and theories proposed by other scholars and appreciate them.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He may incorporate them in his consultancy work. Considering that work in this field changes constantly, it is paramount to have adequate flexibility and ability to handle different situations differently. This will ensure that a consultant meets clients’ specific needs (Schmidt 2000). Other skills that help a consultant in line of duty include time management skills, discipline, interpersonal, people skills, and good oral and writing skills. He should also have the ability to bond well with people from different backgrounds. He should also have exceptional creativity and analytical ability. Statistics show that Management Consultants’ demand has increased over the last decade. Most businesses required a professional dimension. Many people run business from a personal or a family level. It is not common to find a business whose foundation is professionalism. Hence, there is a huge gap to ensure that there is a professional dimension to the running of a business. This i s not willingness. Rather, it is the demand of the current market where competition and sophistication of end users dictate requirements (Schmidt 2000). Normal Career Path Professional jobs do not have a particular career path. This is because they are not a normal job. It is possible to start immediately after completing a Master’s class. This is the minimum recommendation for entry. After that, the person may enter into formal employment. This is not mandatory but it is important. A person acquires experience of a real work environment. In the case of a Management Consultant, understanding various functions of the organization is critical. However, it means that one has to incorporate wide knowledge in quick assessment of an organization and offer quick solutions. Hence, experience matters extensively. A Management Consultant does not retire early. However, that is not dependent upon outside factors as a person can decide to retire at whatever age or time in his career (Sch midt 2000). Employment Prospects: Long Term and Medium Term Studies show that there is a promising positive trend as far as Management Consulting goes. As we approach the first quarter of the 21st century, the market for both goods and services becomes more complicated. Liberalization is the order of the day. This leads to cut throat competition. Companies try to outdo each other to win the majority share in the market. The market, on the other hand, is sophisticated and more demanding compared to the last century. This trend will continue as information becomes easily accessible to everyone. Currently, a customer can easily get a huge number of similar products at the click of a button. Therefore, what makes a company stand out is the selling point (Schmidt 2000). There is also the government. It defines the rules of the game. Government involvement in the livelihoods of its citizens in the current century is beyond expectation. As more governments become democratic, the power shif ts to the people. Hence, regulations and policies formulations are in line with the demands of the people. Consequently, corporations have no choice but to give people what they want. At the backdrop of the above discussion, it follows that organizations need to reengineer to meet different needs. Hence, as we live this era, there is need for professionals to ensure organizations achieve this goal. Management Consultants are those professionals. This trend will continue as more people become increasingly aware of their rights as citizens and information becomes more available. Demographic studies show that the world’s population is growing at a high rate. Estimations show that it currently stands at over seven billion. This is a very huge market. Hence, many small and medium enterprises will come up to meet the inherent demand in goods and services (Schmidt 2000). Value of Internship and Work Experience Most professional jobs require in-depth experience. In most cases, there is a direct relationship between growth plus subsequent remuneration at work and the years of experience. When people hire expertise, they pay differently. Normally, the professional with a high reputational standing and experience receives the highest payment. Sometimes, certain group of people can hire a certain professional. It is also important to have mentorship while at school. The value of internship is enormous. However, just as the value of these two is indispensable, learning and education is paramount. A person learns some of these jobs best while actually doing them. For example, a doctor needs real patients to learn. A Management Consultant needs real organizations to learn. Normally, attaining this education is a costly affair. It also takes a lot of time (Schmidt 2000). Feedback from Learning Set Management Consulting is a professional job that requires enormous input. In the labor market, emphasis on this labor type has not been explicit. However, it is increasingly becoming a required business tool to ensure success. From what I learnt, the drivers of this change are the people who form the market, governments, rights organizations and the competitive environment because of free availability of information. It also brings out a clearer understanding of labor market (Schmidt 2000). Conclusion It is evident that the market for labor is different from what it was a decade ago. Free information and availability of rights organizations makes it mandatory for corporations to have a sense of responsibility. In the professional world, this is not too common. This is because in most cases organizations hire the best they can get to tackle one-off tasks. However, the case is quite different in the unskilled and semiskilled departments. These form majority of the workforce. Corporations do not respect the rights of these segments. It is also evident that professionals require longer times to learn and gain experience. He should also have the ability to b ond well with people from different backgrounds. Reference List Ballou, B. Heitger, D.L. 2006, Tapping a Risky Labor Pool. Web. Kim Chan, W. 2003, Fair Process: Managing in the Knowledge Economy. Web. Schmidt, J. 2000, Disciplined Minds – A Critical Look at Salaried Professionals and the Soul-Battering System that Shapes their Lives, Rowman Littlefield, New York. Yaziji, M. 2008, Time to Rethink Capitalism? Web. This report on Labor Market in Corporations was written and submitted by user Marisa Tillman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Effects of corruption on firm performance Essay Example

Effects of corruption on firm performance Essay Example Effects of corruption on firm performance Essay Effects of corruption on firm performance Essay Transparency International where the index ranks 28 of the worlds largest economies according to the perceived likelihood of companies from these countries to pay bribes abroad. It is based on the views of business executives as captured by Transparency Internationally 2011 Bribe Payers Survey. The index shows that there is no country among the 28 major economies whose companies are perceived to be wholly clean and that do not engage in bribery. The results indicate that bribery is perceived to be common across all sectors. What is interesting and also surprising is that for the first time the Bribe Payers Survey was also asking business executives about bribing among companies and the finding was that the bribing among companies is almost as high as bribing of public officials across all sectors. This shows that corruption does not encompass only the public sector but is also a common practice within the private sector. So why are companies engaging private-to-private bribery? The answer is almost the same as for the public sector, to secure business and facilitate the functioning of hidden business cartels. Large companies have power toward suppliers and they can Nora to use tenet Innocence toward suppliers Dye management Dress. As corruption has more forms, bribery through offering inappropriate gifts and hospitality is also very common in private-to-private bribery. As stated by the Transparency International and what we agree with is that private- to-private bribery remains largely overlooked by researchers and policy-makers and that its impact is likely to be significant. Its consequences or effects are felt through: the entire supply chain, distorting markets and competition, increasing costs to firms, penalizing the smaller companies that cannot afford to compete on these terms and penalizing those firms with high integrity that refuse to compete on these terms. This not only prevents a fair and efficient private sector but also reduces the quality of products and services to the consumer. Bribery brings financial benefit in the form of negotiated contracts only at first glance. The corruption is harmful for the company in the long run so the answers why avoid corruption are: because the bribery diverts attention from the quality of the products to the value of made and future bribes, because with the first paid ribs the company starts to lose control (the next one will have to be higher), because the companies will not be able to complain if they do not get what they paid for, because the bribes violate the law and company is exposed to extortion, because it is hard to cancel a corrupt relationship, because serious consequences are at the stake (penalties, reputation , because sooner or later the consequences will be felt? That corruption reduces sales growth, firm competitiveness, lowers investment and employment growth and that corruption is quite unlikely to have any positive effects s confirmed in the Journal Assessing the Effects of Corruption and Crime on Firm Performance (Alexandra Gavin, 2001). The data used in the research is based on private sector survey conducted by the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank in 1999 where about 100 middle and top managers in 29 countries (20 of them from Latin American) were questioned about their perceptions on several areas of government performance, including predictability of policies, reliability of the Judiciary, problems with corruption, crime and public services. The results of the research show that the effect of corruption on the economic outcomes of the firms does exist. The results also indicate that corruption and crime substantially reduce competitiveness and that corruption and effective bureaucratic interference go hand in hand which is higher in firms that are more likely to pay bribes. Corruption raises operational costs and creates uncertainty since increased involvement increases chances to get caught. Corruptive acts like bribing, stealing Ana tenet AT government resources Dye puddle McCall cannot De alertly seen or nave direct effects on the firms, but it can have huge indirect effects. Public finances will deteriorate, creating uncertainty and raising the cost of credit. Infrastructure will crumble, public services will worsen and the general climate of business will suffer as well. Effects of corruption can be seen as slower economic growth which means that corruption is bad for growth and most empirical studies confirm that, than lower foreign direct investment which means that where corruption is high enough foreign investors will avoid the country and if corruption is not allowed but is present, than foreign investors will prefer to associate with local partners because of the importance of their knowledge about how to deal with present corruption so Joint- ventures instead of owned subsidiaries are preferred and if corruption is not a problem than foreign investors will prefer wholly-owned subsidiaries.

Auditing Theory and Risk Assessment †Free Samples for Students

Discuss About the Auditing Theory and Risk Assessment? Auditing has remained an indispensable practice in the corporate sector and other areas dealing with huge assessment of economics. The corporation’s capability to assess its development relies exclusively on auditing undertake within the company (Knechel et al. 2012). A great proportion of the operation within economic sector extremely depend on the auditing nature, consequently, numerous theories have since been advanced to help in the elimination of countless risks alongside crisis in auditing (Là ³pez and Peters 2012). Such approaches have been considered by global framework of financial reporting organization like GAAP alongside IFRS for guiding practices of auditing. Various policies have further been advanced to back auditors in making corrections on the risks that might face them throughout auditing (Humphrey and Miller 2012).    The feature of auditing alongside commitment of team of auditing guarantees the achievement of an establishment in the industry as well as global market. In the latest past, models such as going concern have been established. Implementing alongside practicing these specified matters stay within the auditors’ hands alongside the company management board (Herda and Lavelle 2014). The scope of this discussion stretches from the investigation of the application of such present issues in a Company called One.Tel in Australia. This company has run its operations in telecommunication industry beginning 1995, May following its launch in Sydney. This discussion additionally deliberates inherent risk in the One.Tel firm financial reports along with ongoing concern issue (Iwu and Xesha 2011). Inherent risk is among the audit risks under risks assessment management. Audit risk includes three classes of risks: inherent-, control- and detection risk.   Audit risk is regarded as the aftermath of the 3 risks exposed overhead. It might be met throughout auditing performance that in this context is One.Tel Telecommunication Company. Inherent risk is, consequently, a constituent of audit that is occasioned by substantial misstatement inside financial statement. Inaccuracy happens in a business’s audit statement because of embezzle application of essential measures of control (Chung et al. 2012). Inherent risks ascend typically as a result the omissions errors when balancing the books of the business. In One.Tel Company’s case, inherent risks might have ascended because of failures alongside control measures poor application.   The incidence of letdowns because of inherent risks might be due to oversight alongside deceitful practices. An upsurge in inherent risks happens as a result of certain factors inside the internal environment of the corporate. Factors which affect inherent risk at the financial report levelAuthenticity of management The rise in inherent risks in this Company could be due to the board of the Directorate incompetency. The management of the organization is comprised of nine memberships having dissimilar powers alongside privileges. The board is encompassed of 5 none-executive memberships making up the mainstream of the board memberships. Additional 4 executive memberships having a jam-packed mandate to all in the company (Coetsee 2010). The degree at which inherent risk is swelling in this company is extraordinary based on to the availed statement. The memberships are indebted to various duties including authorization of business and monetary strategies, recognizing and addressing issues of important facing One.Tel as a business, appraising as well as monitoring processes of management and reporting contrivances, overseeing financial performance alongside nomination of the executive management team. The business has full-grown to an edge whereby the management can never meet entire responsibilities. The directors are increasingly probable to hide their unfortunate statuses, consequently, dwindling to yield expressive statements throughout auditing resulting in a rise in the inherent risk as result of meager management (Iwu and Xesha 2011). The ineffectiveness in company management besides lack of knowledge escalates unsuitable financial report preparation leading to the rise in the inherent risk. When the auditor notices regular staff turnover in essential management positions, the inherent risk increases since truthful characters are probable to resign their management positions instead of propagating certain fraud. This frequently happens where the corporation expands swiftly as replicated in the circumstance of One.Tel Company (Herda and Lavelle 2012). There could be stimuluses for management to misrepresent the financial report snowballing the inherent risk. The incentives in can be moreover from the internal environment or the external environment (Kerler and Brandon 2010). The inducements could be cash-flow challenges, poor rationing of liquidity, unfortunate operation outcomes because of management restraint alongside work overstress along with assembly of management recompense pay structures linked to share capital as well as earnings. This could result in upsurge in inherent risk because management could be persuaded to misrepresent operation along with financial statements to obtain particular bonus. Many issues have already been recognized in the corporate or industry whereby One.Tel Company trades.   The business has a multifaceted investment association, which is the aid to rise inherent risk. The availability of associated-party dealings like the business stockholders would likewise raise inherent risk as the operations are never with the autonomous regulating party (Al Nawaiseh and Jaber 2015). The business has capital share dealings which necessitate increased financial knowledge to audit because such operations remain complex. Telecommunication businesses have perhaps compensations till they inaugurate a standing, alongside a dependable source of income shall be inherent risky. Telecommunication industry is faced with a challenge that needs the businesses in the industry to apply mechanism for controls to be steady and stay pertinent in this industry. New-fangled economies culminate high inherent risk compared steady economies. Differences in commercial as well as competitive surroundings would be expected to have a noteworthy impact on inherent risk of the company such as One.Tel in the telecommunication sector. Aspects like disparity in income and development in certain service providers of telecommunication could lead to an increase in inherent risk throughout financial statement arrangements. Through risk assessing phase the business audit team goes via the risks recognized comparable to the inherent risk discussed overhead. The auditor assesses the factors of the risks by fair evaluation (Martin 2013). Risks evaluation fallouts into two kinds of risks that in this circumstance is the inherent risk. The risk identified is a constituent of financial statement’s material misstatement inspired by numerous factors.   Factors linked to fraud could be recognized throughout development process of strategy while such factors that upsurge inherent risk owing to fraud recognizable through the AU s.316. In the circumstance in which account books necessitate vicissitudes, the inherent risk can remain high due to numerous errors brought onward. The oversight could happen resulting in a rise in the inherent risk where the accounts books are being attuned (Francis 2011). In case the transaction throughout a financial year is complex, it is probable that there shall be an upsurge in inherent risk. In contemplation of One.Tel Company, the accounts books designates multifaceted kinds of dealings like stockholder's inequality, dividend   and reserves could be challenging to comprehend culminating in extraordinary inherent risk at the level of accounting (Herda and Lavelle 2012). The type of judgment fronted by the auditor throughout the course of auditors balancing is probable to effect inherent risk. If the account report on a particular deal could be persuaded by certain factors inside the business (Reichelt and Wang 2010). Such judgments could be dictated by the kind of operation alongside the pressure on management. The company’s assets susceptibility to embezzlements or loss leads to augmented inherent risk level of accounting. Throughout the entries of transaction, it is obvious that modest embezzlement of an asset lead to augmented inherent risk. For example, taking asset misplacement to liability could result in surged inherent risk (Herd and Lavelle 2014). The noteworthy transactions occurrence throughout the financial year has a conceivable upsurge in the inherent risk (Skinner and Srinivasan 2012). Where an unacquainted transaction takes place specifically towards the end of financial year, there are tall probabilities of blunders accounts books. Such dissimilar processes could be a trial to the auditor alongside accountants. It could lead to huge inherent risk (Coetsee 2010). Where a particular transaction is thought-provoking, the auditors might end up wrongly placing items accounts books, therefore, upsurge inherent risk. The rate of an increase in the inherent risk is high at the accounting level when we make transactions which require unfamiliar processing. In the event of such case the auditor of a business entity like One.Tel Telecommunication Company may make mistakes leading to an increase in inherent risk (Knechel et al. 2012). The reporting framework of GAAP obligates the management to effect a hurried decision on the basis of going concern issue (Knechel et al. 2012). This concept builds on the assessment by the auditor whether low, high or medium in association to inherent risk alongside control risk (Francis 2011). The risk detection throughout the evaluation is pegged at the lowermost level to fix the audit risk at a rate endorsed. Slightest discovery of risk could be attained via enhancement of scope test (Knechel et al. 2012). It is obvious from the above discussion that a going concern might be either high, low or medium depending on the above three kinds of risks (Knechel et al. 2012). The going concern issue in relative to One.Tel’s case could be attributable to high. Inherent in financial statement of One.Tel is considered high because it operates under extremely controlled industry.   The One.Tel’s going concern in this situation, is regarded high (Chang, Dasgupta and Hilar 2009). Supplementary factors like detective alongside control risk appear high based on the of the business entity’s nature.    It remains apparent that the going concern rate be contingent increasingly on the type of risks presented in financial statement. In case of stumpy audit risk, the going concern nature remains stumpy while when the kinds of the risk is high or medium, it is either high or low. Irrespective of the correctness of such an assumption, it remain quite challenging to regulate the subsequent scenarios which could culminate in the unceasing going concern application (Knechel et al. 2012). The going concern nature in in One.Tel business depended on the stipulated financial framework application. The going concern nature must be correctly assessed (medium, high or low) as replicated in audit risk viewpoint. Additional variables including period of audit, auditor’s opinion, environment of business, alongside team of management further dictate the consideration of going concern (Al Nawaiseh and Jaber 2015). To sum up, it remains self-evident that maximum control risk issues might have been identified by the auditors. Nevertheless, the auditors did not report precisely as a result of external alongside internal pressures. A greater proportion of Australian auditors perceive furthermost risk aspects control of One.Tel as a thought-provoking task because of absence of independence of auditors (Al Nawaiseh and Jaber 2015). Factors of inherent risk could be monitored for timely management where control factors are availed. Assessment assumption of audit speaks to inherent, control as well as detective risk matters. One.Tel’s case discloses that auditors remain probable to address inherent risk throughout risk assessment because of restricted directors’ numbers (Chang, Dasgupta and Hilary 2009). Al Nawaiseh, M.A.L. and Jaber, J., 2015. Auditing subsequent events from the perspective of auditors: study from Jordan. International Journal of Financial Research, 6(3), p.p78. Chang, X., Dasgupta, S. and Hilary, G., 2009. The effect of auditor quality on financing decisions. The Accounting Review, 84(4), pp.1085-1117. Chung, J.O., Cullinan, C.P., Frank, M., Long, J.H., Mueller-Phillips, J. and O'Reilly, D.M., 2012. The auditor's approach to subsequent events: Insights from the academic literature. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 32(sp1), pp.167-207. Coetsee, D., 2010. A critical review of the effect of accounting for financial instruments on the accounting framework. Southern African Business Review, 10(1), pp.115-129. Coetsee, D., 2010. The role of accounting theory in the development of accounting principles. Meditari Accountancy Research, 18(1), pp.1-16. Francis, J.R., 2011. A framework for understanding and researching audit quality. Auditing: A journal of practice & theory, 30(2), pp.125-152. Herda, D.N. and Lavelle, J.J., 2012. Auditor commitment to privately held clients and its effect on value-added audit service. Auditing: A journal of practice & theory, 32(1), pp.113-137. Herda, D.N. and Lavelle, J.J., 2014. Auditing Subsequent Events: Perspectives from the Field. Current Issues in Auditing, 8(2), pp.A10-A24. Humphrey, C. and Miller, P., 2012. Rethinking impact and redefining responsibility: The parameters and coordinates of accounting and public management reforms. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 25(2), pp.295-327. Iwu, C.G. and Xesha, D., 2011. Used Bookstore as a Vehicle for Improved Learning and Development: The Case of a South Africans Tertiary Institution. Janvrin, D.J. and Jeffrey, C.G., 2007. An investigation of auditor perceptions about subsequent events and factors that influence this audit task. Accounting Horizons, 21(3), pp.295-312. Kerler, W.A. and Brandon, D.M., 2010. The effects of trust, client importance, and goal commitment on auditors' acceptance of client-preferred methods. Advances in Accounting, 26(2), pp.246-258. Knechel, W.R., Krishnan, G.V., Pevzner, M., Shefchik, L.B. and Velury, U.K., 2012. Audit quality: Insights from the academic literature. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 32(sp1), pp.385-421. Là ³pez, D.M. and Peters, G.F., 2012. The effect of workload compression on audit quality. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 31(4), pp.139-165. Martin, R.D., 2013. Audit quality indicators: Audit practice meets audit research. Current issues in auditing, 7(2), pp.A17-A23. Reichelt, K.J. and Wang, D., 2010. National and office?specific measures of auditor industry expertise and effects on audit quality. Journal of Accounting Research, 48(3), pp.647-686. Skinner, D. J. and Srinivasan, S. 2012. Audit quality and auditor reputation: Evidence from Japan. The Accounting Review, 87(5), 1737-1765. Thompson, T.R., 1960. Problems of Auditing Computing Data: Internal Audit Practice and External Audit Theory Section 1: Internal Audit. The Computer Journal, 3(1), pp.10-11. Unegbu, A.O., 2014. Theories of Accounting: Evolution & Developments, Income-Determination and Diversities in Use. arXiv preprint arXiv:1411.4633.

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